Year-on-year change in retail prices across a national basket of goods and services, the RBI's primary policy anchor. Base year 2024=100.

Source: MoSPI — CPI Press Release.

Year-on-year change in wholesale prices of goods, an early signal of input-cost pressure feeding into retail inflation. Base year 2022-23.

Source: PIB / Ministry of Commerce — WPI Press Release.

Gross Goods and Services Tax collected in the month, reflecting the previous month's business activity. A high-frequency proxy for domestic demand and formal-sector activity.

Source: GSTN — Monthly GST Revenue Report.

Survey-based index of factory activity. Readings above 50 signal expansion versus the previous month; the level indicates the pace of change, not output volume.

Source: S&P Global — HSBC India Manufacturing PMI.

Survey-based index of services-sector activity, India's largest output segment. Above 50 signals month-on-month expansion.

Source: S&P Global — HSBC India Services PMI.

Gap between goods exports and goods imports in the month. A narrowing deficit eases pressure on the external account and the rupee.

Source: PIB / Ministry of Commerce — Trade Data Press Release.

Year-on-year growth in industrial output across mining, manufacturing, electricity and water supply. Index level was 123.3 in the reference month.

Source: MoSPI — IIP Press Release.

Combined output growth of nine core infrastructure industries (coal, crude oil, natural gas, refinery products, fertilizers, steel, cement, electricity and iron ore), which carry a large share of the IIP weight. Base year 2022-23.

Source: Office of the Economic Adviser — Index of Core Industries Press Release.

Total RBI-held foreign currency assets, gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position. The buffer available to absorb external shocks and smooth rupee volatility.

Source: RBI — Weekly Statistical Supplement.

Broad money: currency with the public plus bank deposits and other deposits with the RBI. Rapid growth can signal liquidity build-up ahead of price pressure.

Source: RBI — Weekly Statistical Supplement (Money Stock).

Year-on-year growth in outstanding credit of scheduled commercial banks, a direct read on transmission of monetary policy into the real economy.

Source: RBI — Weekly Statistical Supplement.

Year-on-year growth in aggregate deposits of scheduled commercial banks, the funding base for bank lending.

Source: RBI — Weekly Statistical Supplement.

The rate at which the RBI lends overnight to banks against government securities. The benchmark policy rate that anchors all other lending rates in the system.

Source: RBI — Monetary Policy Committee Resolution.

Year-on-year growth in real gross domestic product at constant 2022-23 prices. The headline measure of aggregate economic output.

Source: MoSPI/NSO — Quarterly GDP Estimates.

Net balance on trade in goods and services plus income and transfers, expressed as a share of GDP. A contained deficit signals a sustainable external position.

Source: RBI — Developments in India's Balance of Payments.

Closing level of the NSE's 50-stock benchmark index, the standard gauge of large-cap Indian equity performance.

Source: NSE — Market Indices.

Closing level of the BSE's 30-stock benchmark index, the longest-running headline gauge of Indian equity market sentiment.

Source: BSE — Indices.

Expected 30-day volatility of the Nifty 50 implied by index option prices. Lower readings indicate calmer expectations, higher readings signal stress.

Source: NSE — India VIX Historical.

Share of the labour force aged 15 and above that is unemployed, measured on the Current Weekly Status basis in the monthly PLFS bulletin.

Source: MoSPI/NSO — PLFS Monthly Bulletin.

All-India average daily retail price of onion across DCA reporting centres. Prices remain nearly double a year ago, a key driver of September food inflation of 7.74%, though weekly prices are easing with kharif arrivals and buffer sales at ₹35/kg.

Source: Dept. of Consumer Affairs — Daily Average Retail Prices.

All-India average daily retail price of tomato across DCA reporting centres. Prices eased ~3% this week and are now only ~1% above a year ago.

Source: Dept. of Consumer Affairs — Daily Average Retail Prices.

All-India average daily retail price of potato across DCA reporting centres. Most widely consumed vegetable; stable supply keeps prices about 10% below last year.

Source: Dept. of Consumer Affairs — Daily Average Retail Prices.

All-India average daily retail price of tur/arhar dal across DCA reporting centres. Most widely consumed pulse; weak monsoon in growing areas and import costs are pushing prices up.

Source: Dept. of Consumer Affairs — Daily Average Retail Prices.

All-India average daily retail price of rice across DCA reporting centres. Staple cereal; a core anchor of household food budgets.

Source: Dept. of Consumer Affairs — Daily Average Retail Prices.

All-India average daily retail price of atta (wheat flour) across DCA reporting centres. Staple cereal product; prices broadly steady year-on-year.

Source: Dept. of Consumer Affairs — Daily Average Retail Prices.

All-India average daily retail price of milk across DCA reporting centres. High-weight CPI item; changes are sticky and pass through to dairy products.

Source: Dept. of Consumer Affairs — Daily Average Retail Prices.

All-India average daily retail price of sugar across DCA reporting centres. Retail sugar has climbed back above its mid-September level, up ~3% in a week and ~24% higher than a year ago.

Source: Dept. of Consumer Affairs — Daily Average Retail Prices.

All-India average daily retail price of mustard oil (packed) across DCA reporting centres. Benchmark edible oil; edible oils broadly are 8-19% higher than a year ago.

Source: Dept. of Consumer Affairs — Daily Average Retail Prices.

The US Federal Reserve's policy rate range. It drives global dollar liquidity, US bond yields and foreign portfolio flows into emerging markets like India.

Source: Federal Reserve — FOMC Statement.

Year-on-year change in US consumer prices (CPI-U). The key input into Federal Reserve rate decisions and global rate expectations.

Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics — CPI News Release.

Monthly change in US non-farm employment, the headline read on the strength of the world's largest economy.

Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics — Employment Situation.

Share of the US labour force that is unemployed (U-3). Together with inflation, it frames the Federal Reserve's dual mandate.

Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics — Employment Situation.

Yield on the benchmark 10-year US government bond, the global reference for long-term borrowing costs. Higher US yields tend to pull money out of emerging markets.

Source: US Treasury par yield curve.

Value of the US dollar against a basket of six major currencies. A stronger dollar typically weighs on the rupee and emerging-market assets.

Source: ICE Dollar Index (Perplexity Finance / Yahoo).

Price of the global benchmark crude oil. India imports most of its oil, so Brent directly affects inflation, the trade deficit and the rupee.

Source: ICE Brent December settlement (Dow Jones via Morningstar).

The European Central Bank's main policy rate for the euro area, the second-largest bloc of global monetary policy after the Fed.

Source: European Central Bank — Monetary Policy Decisions.

National Bureau of Statistics survey of Chinese factory activity. A read on demand in the world's second-largest economy and on global commodity prices.

Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China — PMI Release.